CIMS environment issues the development of CAD/CAM

The demand of the periodic and constant growth that basic idea competes to be made to product quality and design as the ceaseless development of computer technology and intense market, CAD/CAM technology is siding with the CAD/CAM below compositive environment to develop from traditional pattern. Traditional CAD/CAM system is to be aimed at the design of the product, modelling, analysis and plot and product to make what wait for specific target and develop, with a view to implements products plan and the automation that produce these particular segment, in the light of its whole process does not develop. The data format of all sorts of CAD/CAM systems is abhorrent, not standard, without the connection of consideration and other link, information cannot be shared, formed island of each automation independence. Because mechanical manufacturing industry is by managemant decision, products plan, make and manage the link that waits for a series of mutual connection to comprise. Accordingly, the CAD/CAM below CMIS environment should come true not only what share and handle is the extraction of information, exchange, compositive between each system (namely the whole of CAD/CAPP/CAM internal iformation flow is compositive) ; and should be in distributed database system (DB) and computer network (below the support of NET) , implementation and outside system, if manage information to fasten (system of information of MIS) , quality (system of automation of QIS) , workshop (between FA) of information comprehensive and compositive, in order to achieve the biggest beneficial result. 2.

Becoming the applied achievement of flying CAD/CAM to become the CAD/CAM that fly arise below traditional environment, through application of 20 years and development, the CAD/CAM that falling to CMIS environment develops. The company introduced IBM, CDC, HP early or late large and medium-sized terminal of workstation of the computer, project, graph, personal computer many 500, and 3 coordinate measure graph plotter of machine, large slab, 3, 4, machine tool of 5 coordinate numerical control many 30, be developed by oneself and introduced system of software of a batch of CAD/CAM. These resource apply extensively at aircraft spare parts to make, new machine development and production of subcontract of wheat path nose, gained distinct benefit. ① approves the CNC Machining company that produces a part to use CAD/CAM technology at solving the bottleneck that sophisticated aircraft spare parts produces above all at 70 time later period, add structural part to use numerical control process designing and treatment to sophisticated machine, make overall increase integrated productivity rose 82.

5% , spare parts weight is light, precision, bright and clean degree raise one level, the key is big out of tolerance is led by 20% come in order to drop 5% the following, spare parts quality rises apparently, ceng Rong obtains technology of numerical control of Ministry of Aviation to apply first prize. Development of ② new machine uses last phase of CAD/CAM 70 time, the company is in development of J7X new machine, use CAD/CAM technology, developed modelling of C-SURF curved surface and sculpture curved surface to process a system by oneself on homebred TQ-16 computer, built plane airframe, intake duct, cockpit, hang down the mathematical model of the remodel place such as end, line of model of numerical control scale, equipment of CNC Machining furnish and machine are increased, economic tool many 200, make the plane develops cycle to shorten above of half an year, save a large number of new machine to develop fare, have the honor to win progress of national science and technology is second-class 1985 award. Of ③ CAD/CAM local and compositive since 80 time, the company takes those who introduce software seriously to digest, absorb and develop the work 2 times, and to different CAD/CAM system between data (include a figure) the development of the development that changes interface and project database, preliminary realized company interior between proper motion development and introduced different CAD/CAM software of information local and compositive, be produced in subcontract of nose of path of a variety of new machine development, wheat early or late and car mould civilian wide application receives in tasting development. Be like, j7X plane shortens development is periodic 8 months, economic development expenses many yuan 200, have the honor to win progress of aerospace ministry science and technology is second-class 1990 award. The car that gave the first comprehensive application CAD/CAM of domestic for treatment of Nanjing automobile factory 1988 advocate model (IVECO) , achieve international with expert appraisal advanced level, catch Chinese auto industry progress of first science and technology is second-class award, congress of industry of mould of the 3rd whole nation actors or actress especially award. Since entering 90 age, the company is in process of new machine development, design of design of geometry of complete machine appearance, line of model of engineering analysis, structure and scale respect use the computer to finish entirely, aircraft engine adds a spare parts to written guarantee composition of a picture passes the computer to deliver production branch to undertake CNC Machining process designing directly. In addition, the numerical control bent housing of spare parts of tubing of the CNC Machining that adds structural part in sophisticated machine, system, plane is assembled model frame, strong reduce a standard, pressure delay a model to wait for Jin Ling of tool and Ban CAPP, assemble CAPP to wait for a respect, CAD/CAM application went up a new chance to extricateoneself from an awkward position. 3.

The necessity with compositive CAD/CAM is in environment of traditional CAD/CAM application, the application of each branches inside the enterprise is " eachs does things in his own way mutual and " , isolated, uses program, system and method are skimble-scamble, data format is skimble-scamble, information cannot be shared, make the benefit of CAD/CAM gets very big limitation. In this respect, we have deep experience. At the beginning of 80 time, in some new machine development, because the design chose different CAD system respectively with production branch, design and make built model of maths of two planes appearance, the design builds a model to be able to be used at the project is analysed and cannot be being delivered to make a branch make a branch must rebuild as production basis; only the need that digital-to-analogue goes to approaching design digital-to-analogue to be made in order to satisfy treatment, affected development cycle badly, increased harmonious difficulty. Although be in,the plane uses the computer to finish on analysis of three-dimensional model, engineering, plot and process designing of numerical control spare parts, but the document such as many in production process of treatment of aircraft spare parts procedure completes a work out with handiwork however. In application of 20 years, cheng Fei already owned the large computer of all sorts of types and workstation, and in all sorts of different period, software that be introduced to develop different product and develop by oneself system, constituted different compose environment. To solve different compose environment between data (include a figure) transmit and change a problem, need develops complex data to change interface. Accordingly, we cost much energy and time to go development, harmonious the interface between each CAD/CAM system, solve data to hand an issue. These experience tell us, have the CAD/CAM below CIMS environment only, ability satisfies products plan and the demand that in making, increase increasingly. 2, CAD/CAM compositive system and crucial technology 1.

CAD/CAM is in the fountainhead that the action CAD/CAM in CMIS is CIMS project information, it offers the products plan that managemant decision place needs and production to plan information, offer product structure to system of information of management information system, quality information, process and examine information, provide the technology that manufactures unit control and CNC Machining need and treatment information to production workshop, it is the foundation of CIMS and one of core systems, main effect is having in CIMS project. 2.

Compositive system of main function CAD/CAM is by products plan (CAD) , project is analysed (CAE) , process is designed (process designing of CAPP) , CNC Machining (CAM) and emulate wait for subsystem, issue composition in distributed database system and support of computer network system. Its are main the function has: ① CAD/CAE: ? Vase Tan of こ of ⒐ of Gan Biao Pi of paddle of Mu of Shan of Fan Yun of  of Buddhist templeput on the brakes treats? of dirty Gan Biao pulling Han to adopt a design - evaluation - what design again is finite second iteration, optimize a design ceaselessly, design a result till what gain satisfaction. The data in environment of all sorts of CAD, CAE (or graph) in can be being used at a compositive design environment. ② CAPP: ? Children's hair of lax of cent of  coerce  needs to languid  collect す  lies bail? maintains the achievements of one's predecessors situation of craft course and working procedure, labor is designed, produce process chart and craft document, to MIS, QIS, FA each subsystem provides wants craft information, provide the craft information of numerical control process designing to CAM. ③ CAM: ? Collect Zhan  returns collect to lose the craft information that APP of Ting of Guo Pan ⒑ produces, the CNC Machining of the spare parts that finish and numerical control measure automatic process designing to reach emulate, offer for the workshop CNC Machining and detect the information such as instruction file and cutting handling time. 3.

Distributed workstation of environment of hard, software and · of environment of configuration ① hardware reachs personal computer kind. The kind of heterogeneous machine network that workstation of · lead plane, project has open sex structure with what the PC comprises (the user) of original lead plane. The amount of · workstation can be mixed according to applied limits dimensions and configuration of industry economy actual strength. : of software of base of project of · of ② software environment? Badger of Hu of ⒓ of Jin of brandish of amine of carbon of silent of Tuo of  of ⑹ of an ancient wine vessel made of horn heats up  of press and smooth! ね gallops bad to seek beanstalk of  of  model ㄒ waiting till to change the man that return Di! す こ drips border of establish of head of low clear of  Song Pi wrings low field of  Song Pi! ひ saute  is able to bear or endure? of  Man low field.

Does product of crucial technology ① define data (is treatment feature defined) : ? Design of? of Zhi of  of flying  of    , analysis, make, detect and product support is safeguarded etc) all medium information. Its purpose is to make the standardization of implementation of product data switch inside product lifecycle, format is changed, solve the problem with the data switch between CAD, CAPP, CAM and compositive information. Current, abroad is studying and development is the representing's product to define data standard with STEP standard. Traditional CAD system did not process information of the engineering construction of a need and craft, cannot satisfy the demand that CAPP has process is designed. Accordingly, to doing not have software of diagnostic formative CAD, need development and feature of treatment of development spare parts define a function, the angle that makes the user can be united from structural feature and craft feature goes defining the treatment feature of the spare parts and craft attribute, generate complete product to define data information. Does ② data change interface technology: ? Small car of obstruct of children's hair of  wall  is able to bear or endure clip Wo clip setting out asks  collect Zhang holds arrive to sunlight continuously Qia of mother of backbone Suo ǖ irrigates? of  fierce  to gain a kind of independence at already some CAD/CAM systems and the unified public format of all sorts of different application module (neuter file) , through network and distributed database the system transfers other system or the other of this system applies module, again by public format reductive the specific figure that becomes this system or blame graph data. The more popular product data on international exchanges a standard, inchoate it is IGES, PDES, in recent years IS O of international Organization for Standardization is being made in the organization and the product data standard of promotion is SETP(Standard For The Exchange Of ProductdelData) . In development of CAD/CAM compositive system, to new introduced CAD/CAM system, the criterion numeral that should note choice and popularity of the international that order undertakes according to changing interface data is changed, cooperate in order to facilitate external with communication; to having the company of CAD/CAM system, if primary system does not have standard data to change interface, but according to actual condition, when exceeding the CAD software with two compositive need, can use special data to change interface, after waiting for a condition to mature, convert again the standard data changeover of international popularity is normative. ③ CAPP technology is in: CBelow IMS environment, CAPP is to serve as the bridge that is CAD data changeover information of all sorts of treatment, government, it is the key with compositive CAD/CAM. The core of CAPP is the expert system that builds to include library of knowledge base, technical data and inferential plane. Pass the extensive craft analysis that undertakes to spare parts of place make choice of, from inside much experience knowledge abstraction craft course is designed and working procedure designs regulation and technology the knowledge such as decision-making method, build a knowledge base, use regulation to convey means to undertake knowledge is conveyed. Build the technical data library that includes parameter of machine tool, cutting tool, clamping apparatus, cutting even at the same time, in order to satisfy the requirement with decision-making craft. : of system of ④ project database? Lan of garden of street of frequency of flying bail of  flood hard  is  of  orangutan  to just censure lamp of fur coat  ancienting name for a water catltrop targets swan? realizes information share with exchange, it is the core of CAD/CAM compositive system. As a result of the graph in the system and blame graph (be not a format to change datival type namely) data coexists, because this project database is different from general business and administrative database. It stores with file means the blame format such as graphical data and NC code file changes information; to store with file attribute means the information such as condition of the part drawing date in the graph, material, public errand, technology, manage each graphical files with database system, this is the characteristic of project database system. In the meantime, because CAD/CAM is much user, much module, much node,use a network to move, reason must use distributed database system to undertake administrative. If MIS, QIS, FA has news,be exchanged for implementation and other system and share, still must develop interface program between the database of different compose, what just can realize information truly is comprehensive and compositive. 3, the development of CAD/CAM subsystem 1.

Cheng Fei reachs its compositive demand Cheng Fei to CAD/CAM is one of applied factories of theme of CIMS of domain of automation of plan of development of national "863" hi-tech, in project of Cheng Fei CMIS 6 systems (in MIS, CAD/CAM, FA, QIS, DB, NET) , CAD/CAM is the fountainhead of CIMS project information and foundation, very main effect is having in CIMS project. What development of combinative company new machine and foreign plane subcontract produce is actual, the information with CAD of implementation plane product, CAE, CAPP, CAM is compositive, and make catalogue bid with the information market of MIS, QIS, FA, the weakest production link in choosing a plane to make -- the mainstay line that aircraft engine adds collect of structural member CAD/CAPP/CAM to become a key to develop. ① solves the bottleneck that the plane makes and key, develop sophisticated plane structural member (casing, bridge, costal region kind) FA-CAD/CAPP/CAM compositive system (abbreviation 3C system) the aircraft of typical numerical control that develops in new machine adds the application in structural part. The computer management of file of ② implementation craft (the procedure) that includes CAPP and manual staff, the requirement of FA of contented automation workshop and MIS, QIS to craft information. ③ uses machine tool of existing 18 numerical control, establish two direct numerical control (FDNC) product line, in 1 what build.

10 thousand square metre, have cutting tool stereo library and stock move inside stereo library workshop, can undertake to process of workshop, unit production the computer attempers control and management, raise put together of plane construction part to join level of management of productivity and production, stock. 2.

The system comprises subsystem of CAD/CAM of project of Cheng Fei CIMS by the following system: ① plane products plan, structure and the CAD/CAE system that the project analyses. ② sophisticated plane is planar 5 coordinate machine adds 3 ～ the FA-CAD/CAPP/CAM system of structural member. File of ③ plane craft runs a system. The CAD/CAM system of ④ plane tooling (include to develop the CAD/CAM that reduce a standard, press the CAD/CAM that extend a pattern, plane to assemble model wear benchwork of CAD/CAM, machine to install) of subsystem of CAD of CAD of facilities of CAD/CAM, ground and test equipment. System of CAPP of spare parts of ⑤ plane convention (include groovy machine to add gold of a CAPP, Ban CAPP, assemble CAPP subsystem) . The CAM system that bent housing of CNC Machining of ⑥ aircraft spare parts, numerical control and numerical control detect. 3.

The system is carried out in what settlement crucial question ① machines a feature is draw-out the appearance with part of construction of definition; plane and internal composition are complex, those who machine a feature is Baconian with draw-out and special difficulty. The technology that has through adding structural part place to machine of hundreds of numerical control is analysed, use Cheng Fei 20 years to develop and use the experience of CAD/CAM technology, the structural design from the spare parts and the angle that machine craft to unite undertake induce and be abstractinged, decide the treatment feature of the spare parts, define the diagnostic model of the spare parts, regard CAD, CAPP and CAM as compositive foundation with this. Drew 15 kinds of features in all, the casing of planar 3-5 coordinate that enclothed the composition that includes to have stage of antrum of straight grain curved surface, complex chamfer, cave in, flange, muscle, protruding, aperture to wait, bridge, costal region kind sophisticated machine adds structural part. ② is based on a feature achieve CAPP of type CAPP technology to get the spare parts that defines by FA-CAD automatically to process diagnostic craft information, use achieve type principle, developed the technology with inferential machine and knowledge base very strong independent character decision-making expert system, do not require artificial intervention, can have technology automatically decision-making. Developed face an user directly, the technology of knowledge base management with intellectual high transparency (the exterior form that introduces knowledge and in-house form) , the maintenance that convenient user has a knowledge base, perfect and accumulate. Of process chart generating is a basis the result with decision-making craft, collect the diagnostic geometry information of each working procedure from inside the diagnostic model library of the spare parts, make all sorts of process chart, craft files and the craft news that CAM needs automatically. The: of Chinese character system of ③ workstation? Workstation of GI of Zuo of take along sth to sb does not have Chinese character system, use for convenient user, need for what contented craft file outputs especially, developed the Chinese character system that includes latticedot matrix and vector Chinese character and Chinese character editor, solved problem of the input of the Chinese interface on workstation and Chinese character, output. ④ project data manages: FThere is the information that geometrical information and technical data differ two kinds to need to manage in A-CAD/CAPP/CAM system. Move in the system in, use RMI project database to run the blame structuralization message such as geometrical model, treatment feature model, applied ORACLE database runs craft message, wait for structured information like parameter of parameter of information of knife measure, tool, cutting, craft, the information that realized systematic interior CAD/CAPP/CAM not only is compositive, and the information that came true to wait for other subsystem with FA, MIS and QIS is compositive. 4, the application that the experience that systematic development carries out comes to 20 years through Cheng Fei and development, and the overall planning that nearly 5 years CAD/CAM of project of Lai Chengfei CMIS distributes compositive system and the way that the system has devised, we combine the experience of oneself, to the system a few development, problems that the attention answers in carrying out undertake discussing. 1.

Before demand analysis and target choice are undertaking systematic overall planning, want to be aimed at company products plan and production need, undertake detailed demand is analysed, the scope that defines compositive applying to CAD/CAM reachs his and content, the bottleneck that combines company production and be badly in need of, the choice scores a success the most easily, can produce benefit and crucial project to undertake applied most. Domestic and international successful experience is CAD/CAM is used in new product development, the 5 ～ that develop fare 10% use at charge of CAD/CAM technical reformation. 2.

The supportive industry of leader carrying a layer on the head is highest and decision-making the attention of the layer and support are CAD/CAM application and its are compositive systematic development is carried out whether successful payoff. Include to make unified program and target, of origanization construction build with adjust, decide the range that different level CAD/CAM uses and information are delivered, be evaluated correctly and plan CAD/CAM and its compositive economic benefits. 3.

Overall planning and the development that the system designs CAD/CAM compositive system and carry out should undertake below the overall planning in enterprise CIMS project, the message that should consider CAD/CAPP/CAM interior not only is compositive, and should coordinate compositive system of good CAD/CAM and exterior other (the information that is like MIS, QIS, FA) is compositive, element of analytic data flow, certain data and share information, build global data dictionary, do good systems analysis solidly to work seriously, what just can assure CIMS overall situation is harmonious and consistent. To take roundabout way less, answer to undertake advisory to the user that has experience and expert. To new the enterprise that starts to develop CAD/CAM unit technology above all, want to undertake according to the thought of CIMS overall planning and system are designed, make sure CAD/CAM is had but compositive sex. 4.

Use already had resource, it is certain to having to use mature technology the enterprise of CAD/CAM foundation, when development implements CIMS technology, should make full use of already some computers resource of hard, software, the technology that do necessary expansion and uses maturity as far as possible undertakes apply and be developinged, reduce a risk. 5.

The configuration basis of CAD/CAM compositive system the demand of the enterprise and economic capacity, logical choice and configuration CAD/CAM system and database and network support a system. When CAD/CAM system choice and configuration, should consider the following issues commonly: ① sets out from demand, do according to one's abilities. When selecting CAD/CAM system, must not select the first-rate CAD/CAM system that can acquire at that time, more important is choose and use satisfy at this company products plan and the CAD/CAM system of production need, for example, the product machines the special demand such as process designing ability and engineering analysis to three-dimensional model, curved surface. When deploying a system, return the economic actual strength of enterprise of Lv of take an examination, reasonable make a system. ② function is reliable, have open sex. The system should use technology of contemporary and advanced hardware, software, the operating system that uses international popularity, graph supports software and graphical changeover port, have advanced computational method and database network system to wait. The system should have open sex, with the benefit development henceforth. ③ interface ability. CAD/CAM and its compositive main benefit are to come from product data to be able to be shared. Accordingly, when the system is configured, the data that should notice to choose international popularity changes the user port that interface and system offer to wait for module, develop ability in order to facilitate with other system commutative data provides an user 2 times. User interface and data manage ④ . The system should offer good user interface (the) such as menu, command, information, learn easily and use; to have advanced data structure and data government ability even, offer effective method to undertake inquiring, revise and management and safeguard. The choice of ⑤ supplier. Choose reliable supplier, remove offerred product advanced and reliable beyond, should special attention technical support force and system are safeguarded wait for after service. Return the quality that should note software and copyright issue, to participate in international competition offers reliable assurance. 6.

The support of CAD/CAM system and safeguard besides the development that technical staff has CAD/CAM compositive system, should a team undertakes maintenance, promotion and application. Return due and perfect origanization construction at the same time, undertake the system moves effectively, data management and project management, make hard, software of the system is in good working position, offer for the user convenient. 7.

Groom and education should differ in the light of the enterprise the personnel of administrative levels (support of manager of project of administrator of user, middle-level, CAD/CAM, system and safeguard personnel, company to carry a leader on the head) have disparate arrangement of ideas and content respectively groom. Groom and education wants perforative each level that use at systematic development and solid inflict and user. Make the user realizes the benefit of CAD/CAM and its compositive advantage and generation, arouse the enthusiasm of user application. Listen to user opinion seriously, offer a help to wait to them. Education wants to undertake ceaselessly. 8.

The standardization of software and commercialization are in the development development of CAD/CAM compositive system, the requirement that should concern software standardization, project to change according to country and industry undertakes. Want close together union to product application is perfected ceaselessly and be updated, real development goes those who have him copyright, practical and reliable commercial software system. CNC Milling CNC Machining